Istanbul, May 25 () - Istanbul has been named the most consistently improved business city over the last five years, according to research conducted by real estate consultancy company Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL).

“While there has broadly been stability at the top of the global indices, further down has seen high levels of flux in the past three years, as cities readjust to the geography of global opportunity. Across six leading indices covering everything from financial services to city image, Istanbul is the most consistently improved over the recent time frame. In particular it has cemented its status as a diversified onshore provider of financial services and has regularly overtaken medium-sized established cities owing to its scale and gateway functions” said the report.

Istanbul was followed in the report by Moscow, Mumbai, Seoul and Dubai.

This report assembled the widest range of comparative studies and reports on city performance to date. It included 200 indices in total, up from 160 in 2013. City indices were devised and sponsored by nearly every kind of actor and institution operating in the urban field, including international institutions, business consultancies, research foundations, industry specialists, media outlets and many more.

New York topped the global list across all indices, followed by London, Singapore, Paris and Hong Kong.